Last Update Time:
12-Mar-2025 09:58:14
ISIN:
INE010B01027
Sector:
Healthcare
Symbol:
ZYDUSLIFE
Zydus Lifesciences Limited
₹886.20
₹-13.65
(-1.52%)
▼
Prev. Close
₹899.85
Open
₹898.50
Close
₹0.00
Range
₹841.89 - ₹930.51
High
₹898.75
Low
₹872.60
Ind. Close
₹0.00
VWAP
₹883.62
The current stock price of Zydus Lifesciences Limited is ₹886.20, with a target price range between ₹841.89 and ₹930.51. The stock has experienced a price change of ₹-13.65 (-1.52%), reflecting recent market volatility.
Today's opening price was ₹898.50, while the previous close stood at ₹899.85.
The market trend suggests a potential downtrend, with investors exercising caution due to recent declines. Analysts recommend closely monitoring support levels.
For real-time stock market updates, live share prices, and stock analysis, stay tuned. Understanding key stock metrics like VWAP, high-low range, and market momentum can help traders make informed investment decisions.
Zydus Lifesciences Limited Price Chart
Zydus Lifesciences Limited Pre Open Market Overview: 12-Mar-2025
Key Metrics:
- IEP (Indicative Equilibrium Price): 898.5
- Previous Close Price: 899.85
- Change: -1.35%
- Total Traded Volume: 3,911
- Total Buy Quantity: 4,596
- Total Sell Quantity: 66,978
| Price | Buy Qty | Sell Qty |
|---|---|---|
| 893.70 | 10.00 | 0.00 |
| 894.00 | 21.00 | 0.00 |
| 895.00 | 65.00 | 0.00 |
| 896.00 | 5.00 | 0.00 |
| 897.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
| 898.50 | 0.00 | 28,609.00 |
| 898.90 | 0.00 | 14.00 |
| 899.00 | 0.00 | 7,002.00 |
| 899.50 | 0.00 | 14,000.00 |
| 899.85 | 0.00 | 33.00 |
ATO Data:
- Buy Quantity (ATO): 0
- Sell Quantity (ATO): 0
Order Book
| Bid | Qty | Ask | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 886.15 | 17 | 886.90 | 118 |
| 886.10 | 45 | 886.95 | 117 |
| 886.05 | 29 | 887.00 | 62 |
| 886.00 | 136 | 887.10 | 69 |
| 885.95 | 929 | 887.15 | 60 |
Total Buy Quantity: 4596
Total Sell Quantity: 66978
Shareholding Patterns of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
Key Trade Statistics of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
| Trade Information | Details |
|---|---|
| Traded Volume (Lakhs) | 7.25 |
| Traded Value (₹ Cr.) | 64.02 |
| Total Market Cap (₹ Cr.) | 89,172.46 |
| Free Float Market Cap (₹ Cr.) | 22,054.24 |
| Impact cost | 0.03 |
| Quantity Traded | 559,901.00 |
| Deliverable Quantity | 165,669.00 |
| % of Quantity to Traded | 29.59 |
| Security VaR | 10.54 |
| Index VaR | N/A |
| VaR Margin | 10.54 |
| Extreme Loss Rate | 3.5 |
| Adhoc Margin | N/A |
| Applicable Margin Rate | 14.04 |
| Face Value | 1 |
Key Price Statistics of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
The 52-week high for Zydus Lifesciences Limited was ₹1,324.30, recorded on 09-Aug-2024. On the other hand, the 52-week low stands at ₹855.10, with the lowest value recorded on 19-Feb-2025.
The upper band for trading is ₹989.80, and the lower band is ₹809.90. The price band is No Band%.
The stock's daily volatility stands at 1.67, while the annualized volatility is 31.91. The tick size for trading is ₹0.05.
| Price Information | Details |
|---|---|
| 52 Week High (09-Aug-2024) | 1,324.30 |
| 52 Week Low (19-Feb-2025) | 855.10 |
| Upper Band | 989.80 |
| Lower Band | 809.90 |
| Price Band (%) | No Band |
| Daily Volatility | 1.67 |
| Annualised Volatility | 31.91 |
| Tick Size | 0.05 |
Key Securities Statistics of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
| Securities Information | Details |
|---|---|
| Status | Listed |
| Trading Status | Active |
| Date of Listing | 18-Apr-2000 |
| Adjusted P/E | 19.72 |
| Symbol P/E | 19.72 |
| Index | NIFTY NEXT 50 |
| Macro-Economic Sector | Healthcare |
| Sector | Healthcare |
| Industry | Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology |
| Basic Industry | Pharmaceuticals |
Security Status of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
| Title | Details |
|---|---|
| Board Status | Main |
| Trading Segment | Normal Market |
| Session No. | - |
| Class of Shares | Equity |
| SDD Compliance | - |
| Name of Compliance Officer | - |
Announcements of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
| Subject | Date |
|---|---|
| Acquisition-XBRL | 11-Mar-2025 |
| Investor Presentation | 11-Mar-2025 |
| Analysts/Institutional Investor Meet/Con. Call Updates | 11-Mar-2025 |
| Outcome of Board Meeting | 11-Mar-2025 |
| Press Release | 10-Mar-2025 |
| Copy of Newspaper Publication | 08-Mar-2025 |
| Updates | 05-Mar-2025 |
| Press Release | 05-Mar-2025 |
Corporate Actions of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
| Face Value | Purpose | Ex-Date |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dividend - Rs 3 Per Share | 26-Jul-2024 |
| 1 | Buy Back | 23-Feb-2024 |
| 1 | Dividend - Rs 6 Per Share | 28-Jul-2023 |
| 1 | Dividend - Rs 2.50 Per Share | 28-Jul-2022 |
| 1 | Buyback | 01-Jun-2022 |
| 1 | Annual General Meeting/Dividend - Rs 3.50 Per Share | 28-Jul-2021 |
| 1 | Annual General Meeting | 12-Aug-2020 |
| 1 | Interim Dividend - Rs 3.50 Per Share | 23-Mar-2020 |
| 1 | Annual General Meeting/Dividend - Rs 3.50 Per Share | 25-Jul-2019 |
| 1 | Annual General Meeting/Dividend- Rs 3.50 Per Share (Purpose Revised) | 31-Jul-2018 |
| 1 | Annual General Meeting | 27-Jul-2017 |
| 1 | Interim Dividend Rs 3.20 Per Share (Purpose Revised) | 16-Mar-2017 |
| 1 | Annual General Meeting | 21-Jul-2016 |
| 1 | Interim Dividend - Rs 3.20/- Per Share | 17-Mar-2016 |
| 1 | Face Value Split (Sub-Division) - From Rs 5/- Per Share To Re 1/- Per Share | 06-Oct-2015 |
| 1 | Annual General Meeting/Dividend - Rs 12/- Per Share | 30-Jul-2015 |
| 1 | Annual General Meeting / Dividend - Rs 9/- Per Share | 17-Jul-2014 |
| 1 | Annual General Meeting | 19-Sep-2013 |
| 1 | Interim Dividend Rs 7.50/- Per Equity Share | 11-Jun-2013 |
| 1 | Annual General Meeting/Dividend Rs 7.50 Per Share | 26-Jul-2012 |
Board Meetings of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
Financial Results of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
Company Directory of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
| Web Address | Office | Address | City |
|---|---|---|---|
| www.zyduslife.com | Registered Office | Zydus Corporate Park, Scheme No. 63, Survey No. 536, Near Vaishnodevi Circle, Khoraj (Gandhinagar), Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway Ahmedabad-382481 | AHMEDABAD |
| www.zyduslife.com | Transfer Agent | Link Intime India Private Limited 506-508, Amarnath Business Centre 1 Beside Gala Business Centre, Off. C G Road, Ellisbridge, | AHMEDABAD |
Insider Trading of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
| Reg. Clause | Acq./Disp. | Sec. Value | Txn Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7(2) | DEVAL DHIRAJBHAI SHAH | 293533 | Pledge Revoke |
| 7(2) | DEVAL DHIRAJBHAI SHAH | 293939 | Sell |
| 7(2) | ZYDUS FAMILY TRUST | 30318581 | Sell |
| 7(2) | ZYDUS FAMILY TRUST | 10066755 | Sell |
| 7(2) | DEVAL DHIRAJBHAI SHAH | 941529 | Pledge |
| 7(2) | DEVAL DHIRAJBHAI SHAH | 151638 | Sell |
| 7(2) | DEVAL DHIRAJBHAI SHAH | 152715 | Pledge Revoke |
| 7(2) | DEVAL DHIRAJBHAI SHAH | 492785 | Sell |
| 7(2) | DEVAL DHIRAJBHAI SHAH | 499750 | Pledge Revoke |
| 7(2) | ZYDUS FAMILY TRUST | 17803106 | Sell |
| 7(2) | ZYDUS FAMILY TRUST | 570362099 | Sell |
| 7(2) | HARSHA JYOTINDRA GOR | 1009074 | Sell |
| 7(2) | Vishal J. Gor | 832676 | Sell |
| 7(2) | Zydus Family Trust | 3871624815 | Sell |
| 7(2) | Shivani Patel | 76380 | Sell |
| 7(2) | Sharvil Pankajbhai Patel | 76380 | Sell |
| 7(2) | Taraben Patel Family Will Trust | 76380 | Sell |
| 7(2) | Pankaj Ramanbhai Patel (Smaller) HUF | 76380 | Sell |
| 7(2) | Pankaj Ramanbhai Patel HUF | 152760 | Sell |
| 7(2) | Pankaj Ramanbhai Patel | 151755 | Sell |
Annual Reports of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
Investor Complaints of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
Event Calendar of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
| Purpose | Details |
|---|---|
| Results/Dividend | To consider the audited annual accounts of the company for the year ended March 31, 2005 and the board will also consider interalia with other agenda items recommendation of dividend on Equity Shares for the year, 2004-05. |
| Scheme of Arrangement | To approve the "Composite Scheme of Arrangement between Cadila, Carnation and Zydus Hospitals and Medical Research Private Limited" to effect restructuring of the Consumer Products Division of Cadila and Carnation and also to realign the holding structure of the Company into Carnation based on the recommendations of consultants and to approve share swap ratios, under the Scheme, after considering the reports of the valuers. |
| Results/Others | To consider amongst others unaudited financial results for the quarter/ nine months ended December 31, 2010. |
| Results/Others | The Company had informed the Exchange regarding a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company to be held on January 18, 2011, to consider amongst others unaudited financial results for the quarter/ nine months ended December 31, 2010. The Company has now informed the Exchange that in the same meeting, the Board of Directors will also elect the Chairman of the Investor's Grievance Committee. (Purpose Revised). |
| Results/Dividend | To consider amongst others audited financial results for the year ended on March 31, 2011 and recommend the dividend on equity shares for the year ended March 31, 2011. |
| Results/Others | To consider amongst others unaudited financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2011. |
| Results/Others | To consider amongst other unaudited financial results for the quarter/ half-year ended September 30, 2011. |
| Results/Others | To consider amongst others unaudited financial results for the quarter / nine months ended on December 31 ,2011. |
| Results/Dividend | To consider amongst others audited financial results for the year ended on March 31, 2012 and to recommend the dividend on equity shares for the year ended March 31, 2012. |
| Results/Others | To consider amongst others unaudited financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2012. |
| Results/Others | To consider amongst others unaudited financial results for the quarter / nine months ended on December 31, 2012. |
| Amalgamation/Merger | To consider a proposal for exploring the possibilities for merger of certain wholly owned subsidiary companies with the Company and to approve the draft Scheme of Amalgamation under section 391-394 of the Companies Act, 1956. |
| Results/Dividend | To consider amongst other agenda items : (1) To approve audited financial statements for the financial year ended on March 31, 2013; (2) To consider declaration of interim dividend on equity shares for the financial year ended on March 31, 2013. |
| Results/Others | To consider amongst other agenda items to approve the unaudited financial results for the first quarter of the Current financial year ended on June 30, 2013. |
| Results/Others | To consider amongst other agenda items to consider and approve the audited merged accounts for the financial year ended on March 31, 2013. |
| Results/Others | To consider amongst other agenda items to approve the unaudited financial results for the quarter/ half-year ended on September 30, 2013. |
| Results/Others | To consider amongst other agenda items to approve the unaudited financial results for the quarter/nine months ended on December 31, 2013. Further, as per code of conduct for prevention of Insider Trading adopted by the Company under SEBI(Prohibition of inisder Trading) Regulations, 1992, the Trading Window will remain close from January 29, 2014 to February 08, 2014 for all Directors and designated officers of the Company. |
| Results/Dividend | Inter alia, to approve the audited financial results for the year ended on March 31, 2014 and to recommend the dividend on equity shares o the Company for the year ended on March 31, 2014. Further, as per code of conduct for prevention of Insider Trading adopted by the Company under SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 1992, the Trading Window will remain close from May 09, 2014 to May 17, 2014 for all Directors arid designated officers of the Company. |
| Results | To consider amongst other agenda items to approve the unaudited financial results for the quarter ended on June 30, 2014. Further, as per code of conduct for prevention of Insider Trading adopted by the Company under SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 1992, the Trading Window will remain close from July 21, 2014 to July 31, 2014 for all directors and designated officers of the Company. |
| Results | To consider amongst other agenda items to approve the unaudited financial results for the quarter/ half-year ended on September 30, 2014. Further, as per code of conduct for prevention of Insider Trading adopted by the Company under SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 1992, the Trading Window will remain close from October 27, 2014 to November 07, 2014 for all directors and designated officers of the Company. |
| Results/Others | To consider amongst other agenda items to approve the unaudited financial results for the quarter and nine months ended on December 31, 2014. |
| Results/Dividend | To consider amongst other agenda items: 1. To approve the audited stand-alone and consolidated financial results for the quarter / year ended on March 31, 2015 2. To recommend the dividend on equity shares of the Company for the financial year ended on March 31, 2015. |
| Results | To consider amongst other agenda items to approve the unaudited financial results for the quarter ended on June 30, 2015 |
| Results | To consider amongst other agenda items to approve the unaudited financial results for the quarter/ half-year ended on September 30, 2015. |
| Results | To consider inter alia, to approve the un-audited financial results of the Company for the quarter / nine months ended December 31, 2015. |
| Dividend | to consider inter alia, declaration of Interim Dividend for the financial year 2015-16, and to fix the Record Date. |
| Raising of Funds | The Company had informed the Exchange regarding a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company schedule to be held on May 13, 2016 To consider amongst other agenda items to approve the audited financial results for the year ended on March 31, 2016. the company has now inform the exchange that the Board of Directors at its meeting to be held on May 13, 2016 also to consider the following proposals for raising funds/ issuance of securities, which will be subject to approval of the members:1) to raise funds by issue of Equity Shares/ convertible Bonds/Debentures through Qualified Institutional placement (QIP)/GDR/ADR for an aggregate amount upto Rs. 10,000 Crores, 2) to issue Secured/Unsecured Redeemable Non-Convertible Debentures on Private placement basis for an amount upto Rs. 3500 Crores in the Financial Year 2016-17, and 3) to issue Secured/Unsecured Foreign Currency Rated Bonds/ Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds for an amount upto Rs.5000 Crores. |
| Results/Others | To consider amongst other agenda items to approve the audited financial results for the year ended on March 31, 2016. |
| Results | To consider inter alia, to approve the un-audited financial results for the quarter ended on June 30, 2016. Company further informed that as per Code of Conduct for prevention of Insider Trading adopted by the Company under SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015, the Trading Window shall remain closed from July 25, 2016 to August 5, 2016 (both days inclusive) for all the connected persons. |
| Results | To consider inter alia, to approve the un-audited financial results for the quarter / half year ended on September 30, 2016. Company further inform that as per Code of Conduct for prevention of Insider Trading adopted by the Company under SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015, the Trading Window shall remain closed from October 17, 2016 to October 28, 2016 (both days inclusive) for all the connected persons. |
| Results | to consider inter alia, to approve the un-audited financial results for the quarter / nine months ended on December 31, 2016. |
| Dividend | to consider, the proposal of declaration of Interim Dividend, if any, for the financial year 2016- 2017. |
| Results | To consider, inter alia, to approve the Audited Financial Results for the year ended on March 31, 2017. |
| Raising of Funds | To consider the following proposals: (i) to raise funds by issue of Equity Shares / convertible Bonds / Debentures through Qualified Institutional Placement [QIP] / GDR / ADR, subject to approval of the shareholders, (ii) to issue Secured / Unsecured Redeemable Non-Convertible Debentures / Foreign Currency Bonds on Private Placement Basis, subject to approval of the shareholders and (iii) to issue Foreign Currency Bond / Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds subject to the approval of the shareholders. |
| Results | to consider, inter alia, approve the unaudited financial results for the quarter ended on June 30, 2017. |
| Results | To consider apart from other agenda items to approve the unaudited financial results for the quarter / half year ended on September 30, 2017. |
| Results/Others | To consider apart from other agenda items to approve the unaudited financial results for the quarter / nine months ended on December 31, 2017. |
| Fund Raising | Further to our earlier intimation dated May 4, 2018 regarding board meeting, the Board of Directors [the Board] shall also consider the following proposals:(i) to raise funds by issue of Equity Shares / convertible Bonds / Debentures through Qualified Institutional Placement [QIP] / GDR / ADR, subject to approval of the shareholders,(ii) to issue Secured / Unsecured Redeemable Non-Convertible Debentures / Foreign Currency Bonds on Private Placement Basis, subject to approval of the shareholders and(iii) to issue Foreign Currency Bond / Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds subject to the approval of the shareholders. |
| Financial Results/Dividend | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended March 31, 2018 and dividend |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended Jun 30, 2018 |
| Financial Results/Other business matters | To consider apart from other agenda items to approve the unaudited financial results for the quarter / half year ended on September 30, 2018. |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended September 30, 2018 |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended December 31, 2018 |
| Financial Results/Dividend | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended March 31, 2019 and dividend |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended Jun 30, 2019 |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended September 30, 2019 |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended December 31, 2019 |
| Dividend | To consider interim dividend |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended March 31, 2020 |
| Financial Results/Other business matters | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended Jun 30, 2020 and other business matters |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended September 30, 2020 |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended December 31, 2020 |
| Financial Results/Dividend | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended March 31, 2021 and dividend |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended Jun 30, 2021 |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended September 30, 2021 |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended December 31, 2021 |
| Buyback | Zydus Lifesciences Limited has informed the Exchange about Board Meeting to be held on 20-May-2022 to consider Buyback |
| Financial results | Zydus Lifesciences Limited has informed the Exchange about Board Meeting to be held on 10-Aug-2022 to consider financial statements for the period ended June 2022 |
| Financial results | Zydus Lifesciences Limited has informed the Exchange about Board Meeting to be held on 11-Nov-2022 to consider financial statements for the period ended September 2022 |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended December 31, 2022 |
| Financial Results/Dividend | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended March 31, 2023 and dividend |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended Jun 30, 2023 |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended September 30, 2023 |
| Buyback | To consider buyback for equity shares |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended December 31, 2023 |
| Financial Results/Dividend | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended March 31, 2024 and dividend |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended Jun 30, 2024 |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended September 30, 2024 |
| Financial Results | To consider and approve the financial results for the period ended December 31, 2024 |
Share Transfers of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
| Company | Period | Reg.7 | Reg.40 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 31-MAR-2024 | ||
| Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 31-MAR-2023 | ||
| Zydus Lifesciences Limited | 31-MAR-2022 |
Voting Results of Zydus Lifesciences Limited
| Date of Mtg. | Mtg. Type | Resolution |
|---|---|---|
| 09-AUG-2024 | AGM | Adoption of Audited Standalone Financial Statements of the Company for the Financial Year ended on March 31, 2024 and the reports of the Board of Directors and Auditors thereon |
| 09-AUG-2024 | AGM | Appointment of Ms. Shelina P. Parikh (DIN-00468199) as an Independent Director |
| 09-AUG-2024 | AGM | Re-appointment of Mr. Ganesh N. Nayak (DIN-00017481) as the Whole Time Director, to be designated as Executive Director |
| 09-AUG-2024 | AGM | Ratification of remuneration of Cost Auditors |
| 09-AUG-2024 | AGM | Re-appointment of Mr. Mukesh M. Patel (DIN-00053892) as a Director liable to retire by rotatin |
| 09-AUG-2024 | AGM | Re-appointment of Mr. Pankaj R. Patel (DIN-00131852) as a Director liable to retire by rotation |
| 09-AUG-2024 | AGM | Declaration of Final Dividend of Rs.3.00/- (300%) per equity share for the Financial Year ended on March 31, 2024 |
| 09-AUG-2024 | AGM | Adoption of Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company for the Financial Year ended on March 31, 2024 and the report of the Auditors thereon |
| 11-AUG-2023 | AGM | Adoption of Standalone Audited Financial Statements of the Company for the Financial Year ended on March 31, 2023 and the reports of the Board of Directors and Auditors thereon |
| 11-AUG-2023 | AGM | Ratification of remuneration to Cost Auditors |
| 11-AUG-2023 | AGM | Re-appointment of Mr. Bhadresh K. Shah (DIN-00058177) as an Independent Director for the second term of 5 (five) consecutive years |
| 11-AUG-2023 | AGM | Re-appointment of Mr. Ganesh N. Nayak (DIN-00017481) as a Director liable to retire by rotation |
| 11-AUG-2023 | AGM | Re-appointment of Dr. Sharvil P. Patel (DIN-00131995) as a Director liable to retire by rotation |
| 11-AUG-2023 | AGM | Declaration of Final Dividend of Rs. 6.00/- (600%) per equity share for the Financial Year ended on March 31, 2023 |
| 11-AUG-2023 | AGM | Adoption of Consolidated Audited Financial Statements of the Company for the Financial Year ended on March 31, 2023 and the report of the Auditors thereon |
| 30-DEC-2022 | EGM | Appointment of Mr. Akhil Monappa (DIN: 09784366) as an Independent Director of the Company. |
| 30-DEC-2022 | EGM | Appointment of Ms. Upasana Kamineni Konidela (DIN: 02781278) as an Independent Director of the Company. |
| 10-AUG-2022 | AGM | Adoption of Standalone Audited Financial Statements of the Company for the Financial Year ended on March 31, 2022 and the reports of the Board of Directors and Auditors thereon |
| 10-AUG-2022 | AGM | Re-appointment of Statutory Auditors |
| 10-AUG-2022 | AGM | Ratification of remuneration to Cost Auditors |
FAQs on Zydus Lifesciences Limited
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Please do your own research and consult with a financial professional before making any investment decisions.